Wednesday, September 14, 2016

U-gan-da take a road trip? Even better, a road trip without the kids?

One weekend in the fall of 2004, Laura and I decided to go camping over a three-day weekend.  For some unknown reason, we were in a Civil War history type of mood, so prior to securing camping provisions at Whole Foods (of course one can't go into the wilderness without first hitting the olive bar), we visited the Alexandria National Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia. One of our nation's first national cemeteries, it is the final resting place of several of the soldiers who chased down John Wilkes Booth after he assassinated President Lincoln. After our little jaunt and once we had our fancy, organic, fair-trade camping provisions in hand, we returned our old Toyota truck to discover it was leaking gasoline.  Hmmm.  Camping seemed out of the question, let alone driving back to D.C. or even starting the engine.  We called the insurance company about towing it, who told us to immediately call the fire department.  A firetruck came, which was pretty awesome, then a tow truck, and then the rest is a bit of a blur.  Sadly, the weekend did not involve camping; instead we were saddled with a hefty mechanic's bill.  Thus began our sordid history of ill-fated road trips. Here are but a few of the misadventures:
  • 2005: 16 hour drive to Des Moines with a full-sized 60 lb. Hurricane (our late dog) on the bench seat between us; 
  • 2007: the extremely sketchy hotel in northern Indiana with the heart-shaped bathtub on the drive back from our wedding;  
  • 2010: Driving through North Carolina and trying to find the Greensboro Airport (late for our flight), only to have AppleMaps send us to the runway instead of the terminal;
  • 2013: the unexpected snowstorms between DC and Cincinnati at Thanksgiving, both before and after;
Fast forward to June 2016. We had a good plan. Drive to a nice lodge in Western Uganda for our 9th anniversary on Day One.  Have a nice short safari-ish adventure by trekking chimpanzees (or as they call it in Lugandan - folow'ingjeff'reyfein'tech) in the Kibale Forest on Day Two, and then drive home on Day Three in time to celebrate Father's Day with the kids over pizza.  We should have known things were once again going to go south when the night before our departure, S threw T's toothbrush in the toilet, laughed about it, and then five minutes later smacked her mother resulting in a lovely facial wound.  Laura censored the photo, but let it be known that no woman is ever happy on her anniversary if she has a big bloody streak across her face. 

There were actually some earlier indications the trip was doomed, starting with the permitting adventure at the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA).  Trekking chimps and mountain gorillas is one of Uganda's most famous and unique attractions - the others being whitewater rafting on the Nile River and climbing mountains on either side of the Great Rift Valley (Mt. Elgon in the east, the glacier-capped Rwenzoris in the west).  As such, the UWA rightly endeavours to restrict access to the endangered animals, and requires all would-be trekkers to pay a hefty permit fee.  Fair enough.  The money supports the growing tourism industry in Uganda and helps protect the country's most vulnerable national resource; we were happy to pay the fee.  What the UWA website does not prepare one for, however, is the developing world pace-of-business that hits you like a runaway freight train when attempting to buy the passes.  Laura walked into the reservations office and was confronted with about 25 people in various states of inaction.  Four booking agents were chatting with tour company agents, only one of whom was actively typing on a computer.  For upwards of ten minutes, she attempted to lock eyes with the booking agents each time they shifted their gaze to her, pressuring them into shooing away the tour company agents.  Eventually she managed to get a hearing and bought one permit, but made only a reservation for the other permit as she didn't have both our IDs with her.  The next day we sent our intrepid driver over to attempt to buy my permit, but the computers were down, so it was "not possible."  We were given instructions to pay at the UWA offices once we got to the Forest.

Great!  All set!  Gas up the car and check the tires on Thursday.  Off we go, Friday morning.  We make good time, get to Fort Portal by 1PM, despite the torrential downpour that starts just as we get to the edge of the Kibale Forest.  The heavy rain should have been another indicator of things to come.

We make it to the beautiful Papaya Lake Lodge by about 3, settle in for a relaxing evening and early dinner to get ready for an early rise the next day as the hike starts at 8 AM.  Papaya Lake Lodge is one of a number of lodges in this region situated on the rim of a crater lake.  It's the second time we visited, and we are always impressed with the design, hospitality, and food.  And the towels - Laura couldn't get over the towels.

A view of the Rwenzori Mountains over Lake Lyantonde, taken from the porch of Papaya Lake Lodge's main building.
No matter how technologically advanced the camera is, pictures don't do the view justice.
We woke the next morning to drizzles. Sebastian and Magda, the proprietors of Papaya Lake Lodge noted it had been clear and sunny for the past three weeks, so of course the weekend we arrive it is overcast and misty.  Saturday morning, it was more than misty and actual rain had turned the roads into jello.  Jello on top of butter.  As we head towards the UWA Kibale Conservation Area main gate where I'm supposed to pay for my permit, our vehicle fishtails for a good mile.  The mud is so slick, we slide back and forth across the road like we're a hockey puck.  We've both driven in some hairy situations in Uganda, but this drive made us both extremely nervous.

After paying at the park's UWA office, the ranger sends us off, giving directions and telling us we have to get there quickly, as the hike sets off in 40 minutes.  We're supposed to drive 10 kilometers, then turn left at the giant chimp statue. Then go another 10 kilometers through the park.  Simple directions, and we're now on gravel.  20 kilometers in 40 minutes should be easy peezy.  Then the gravel turns into dirt, then the dirt turns into mud again.  It's not quite as slick as the last patch, but now there is a 100 meter drop off on the left side, so sliding off the side of the road is not an option.  After about 3 kilometres, we come over the crest of the hill and we can see an accident.  A sedan and matatu (if you recall, one of the van-buses) slid into each other.  The sedan seems immobile and everyone is on the side of the road trying to figure out what to do.  It was probably one of those slow-motion slides like you'd get on snow and ice where there's no chance of anyone getting hurt because of the lack of speed and momentum, but there is absolutely nothing you can do other than hold on.

As we debated whether to continue and try and pass the pileup and continue on, a pickup approached from below the accident and attempted to go around everything, fishtailed, and then began sliding back down the hill.  That is when I said the chimps ain't worth it.  The only silver lining, as we carefully u-turned our way back down the hill, we did see a few primates -- these baboons were enjoying the auto hockey action:

One is watching the accident, the other is anticipating the next one. I think we could hear them giggling...

Defeated, we head towards Fort Portal, in search of a particular famine hygiene product (FHP) that rhymes with this device used in mountain climbing:

Defined as a metal plate with spikes fixed to a boot for walking on ice or rock climbing.

This particular FHP is not very popular in Uganda, and hard to find even in Kampala.  We struck out five times. The first pharmacy we tried was along the scandal-ridden Fort Portal-Kamwenge road, the same road where we had just given up our dream of chimp trekking; a road which the Uganda National Road Authority (UNRA) tweeted was 64% complete on June 8, 2016:



Here's a view of that road, albeit a slightly different location, on June 19, after two days of rain:

Somewhat dry on the left, mud soup on the right.
The reason this particular road construction project is so scandalous is not only because it's basically all mud for well over a year and a great inconvenience to all who live along the road. It is also scandalous because in the course of the construction, the road workers conducted numerous acts of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) upon the communities along the road.  This was uncovered during an audit of the project by the World Bank, which had funded the project up until October 2015 once the SEA was exposed; the World Bank formally suspended the project in December 2015.  The government contractor for the project, the China Railway Seventh Group Corporation Ltd. (CRSG), was accused of not implementing various controls and management programs for their employees, which created an environment where the crimes were tolerated.  Numerous accounts of young girls being targeted on their way to school, and subsequently dropping out of school due to unplanned pregnancies have popped up in the Uganda media.  They've obviously turned a corner, because there were two helpful posters in the pharmacy stating "CRSG Says No to School Droppout" and "CRSG Says No to Early Pregnancy."  That should solve the problem.  According to Captain Obvious, another way of solving the problem would be to send rapists to jail...

Meanwhile, the quest for the FHP took us all the way into Fort Portal and four more pharmacies and grocery stores; and one stop at a pay toilet - my first time having to pay to go #1.  Access to FHPs is another major issue for girls in Uganda.  Girls who cannot afford FHP are at greater risk of dropping out of school, so during Laura's informal survey, it was disappointing to see that all FHPs were located behind the counter. In half of the encounters she had to interact with men to ask for the product, and in one case 8 pads cost 35000 UGX (a little more than $10), or over $1 per pad.  No wonder this is such a large barrier for young women's education in Uganda.  A few enterprising NGOs are trying to work on this problem, including AfriPads, for those of you interested in learning more.

Another silver lining to this side trip, the bag that the FHP was placed in, once Laura made a successful purchase, was made out of recycled paper, as is common in Uganda.  Here's what we found printed inside the bag:



Apparently someone in Fort Portal expected a lot of election-related arrests, but over-estimated.


We headed back to the lodge and enjoyed two delicious meals and relaxed and read by a fireplace, no less, as the rain continued to come down.  The food at Papaya Lake Lodge is some of the best in Uganda. Using local ingredients, we dined on amazing interpretations of Thai-fusion coconut soup and pizza:



We tucked off to bed to the sound of some sort of frogs lulling us to sleep, but woke to the screams of a hornbill violently trying to get into our room.  It all happened so fast we couldn't get a photo, but suffice it to say, this was a rather large bird about the size of a Canadian Goose, cawing and hammering at the bedroom's glass patio door - I ran at the door trying to scare him off, which basically left him unfazed.  Here's a photo of a hornbill:

Imagine having this as your alarm clock

And not to be outdone, after the hornbill incident we'd roused, dressed, and packed, we hiked up the hill to the lodge for our final (delicious) breakfast and found this:


Happy freakin' Father's Day to me.  I got to change a flat tire. Thankfully, we had a full spare and were able to travel at normal breakneck speeds back to Kampala and our girls.

Regardless of our difficulties, we've already had a couple more road adventures here in Uganda - these with the kids -  which will be reported soon. Yes, we might be gluttons for punishment. And yes, we do always travel with a ton of roadside emergency and medical equipment when we leave the city, so we can change your tire, dig you out of the mud, or even perform open-heart surgery if we see you stranded on the side of the road.

Wednesday, May 25, 2016

U-Gan-Da Drink That?

We have a lot of discussions about water in our house. Part of our yard is dominated by a 7000 gallon water tank in the yard that feeds a 2000 gallon tank situated on top of 25ft tower on the side of the house. Of course, this leads to many questions from the Gruesome Twosome, not limited to "when can I climb the tower?" T asks a lot of questions about the plumbing system in our house during bath time. "Mommy, can you tell me about how the city water connects to the pipes again?" S asks about the hot water heater: "Mommy, why hot water?" We are also answering a lot of questions about the water cycle in general when it rains. During the rainy season, the questions are incessant. And the girls' questions got us thinking about the water supply system in Uganda, although maybe these problems exist all over Sub-Saharan Africa in varying degrees.

The recently published 2014 Ugandan census showed that access to water is a problem for many Ugandans. It found that less than 20% of the country receives piped water. However, this might be inaccurate because the Ugandan national water authority recently revealed a number of commercial and residential landlords, including some very wealthy ones, are illegally hooking up to the water system. Not surprisingly, these villains have included Members of Parliament.

If only about 20% of Ugandans are receiving water through piped infrastructure, that means that more than 80% of Ugandans either buy their water from a truck or travel to a local tap or downspout and carry the water home themselves. Almost 33% of rural Ugandans have to travel more than 1km for their water. If you are a rural Ugandan but live near slightly larger town, you might be able to lug your jerry can to the side of the road and fill it up when the water truck drives by. If you are somewhat less fortunate, you might be able to pay someone to carry your jerry cans on the top of their matatu or the back of their boda to and from the tap or borehole. Many of these "water carriers" are children who earn but a few shillings with each carry. 

Your water can travel by matatu...
...by boda boda (pay no attention to the raindrops on the windshield - the first rain in many weeks)...
...picked up at the local watering hole...


...or travel by child along a busy highway, with vehicles - both large and small - traveling 120 Km/h. 
Keep in mind the vehicles are often poorly maintained and operated by bad drivers - even worse than Laura.

Compounding the access problem is the relatively unpredictable weather patterns caused by climate change. And the latest iteration of el Niño:



Despite the current unpredictability of rainfall, one can look to the local fauna for answers to when is it going to rain. These weaver birds were apparently a good indicator, frantically trying to complete their nests before the rains. We spotted them at Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary on March 28th and the rains started about four days later:


According to our guide at nearby Murchison Falls National Park, the male birds build several nests as the rainy season approaches, hoping to attract a female to occupy one of the nests. This is a novel approach - one I might recommend to my five nephews when it is time for them to get married. "Just put up a bunch of tents and when a female moves in, marry her!"

Uganda's water issues don't stop at reliable access or lack thereof.  The scarcity or excess of water can create its own problems. Thanks to el Niño our avocado tree failed to produce any fruits last season, although our guava trees, the skinny trees in the photos, provided multiple bumper crops.  El Niño-related storms caused mud slides on Mt. Elgon, caused farmers to delay planting crops, washed out bridges and roads, and devastated a village along Lake Albert. And even though October is already supposed to be the 2nd rainiest month of the year, Kampala received twice its normal amount of rain in October 2015. 

Here's a couple of photos of our backyard's unplanned lake late last November, normally a period of light rain:


The girls' stepping posts are our depth gauges: The watermark on the first post on the left was 7 inches.
The water mark on one of the posts to the right was 11 inches. Holy Lack-of-Proper-Drainage, Batman!

Some regions, such as the Kampala region and Lake Victoria, have had too much rainfall and it is likely only to get worse. A recent report by North Carolina State University shows that the lake's level will rise significantly over the next decade. A golf course being built on the shores of Lake Victoria near Kampala has had a number of new fairways regularly submerged by the rising levels. It makes me cry.

Meanwhile, Northeastern Uganda, neighbouring, and nearby African countries Ethiopia, Somalia and Zimbabwe are all facing extreme drought, leading to food insecurity, potential conflicts, and refugee crises in those countries. In Somalia, the Shabelle River ran dry for the first time in recorded history, apparently due in part to Ethiopia hoarding the water for themselves. Adding insult to injury for the Zimbabweans, Robert Mugabe threw himself a big birthday bash right in the middle of the drought, which I guess was only slightly more terrible than his last birthday, where he dined on baby elephant.

Back in Uganda, you see that the water is lifeblood of the people. As in many civilisations, the density of the population is centred around coastlines, either Lake Victoria, the Nile River, or one of the many large lakes fed by the Nile. The government is trying to control the water levels on these bodies of water through the use of dams, mostly for the reason of electricity generation. But at what cost? Owen Falls Dam was built in the 1950's, submerging Ripon Falls (originally considered to be the true source of the Nile River), raising the level of the river and displacing hundreds of villagers. A new dam constructed further downstream in 2011 submerged the Bujugali Falls which was considered by many locals to be sacred (and also at one time considered to be the source of the Nile - you can sense a pattern here). Now yet another dam is being built that will undoubtedly decrease the water flow going through Murchison Falls:



As you might be able to tell, this is one of the most powerful waterfalls in the world in terms of cubic feet per second. It is also where the African Queen was filmed in 1951. Ernest Hemingway survived 2 plane crashes very near to this point. And soon it will be no more, or at least, not quite the same.

That's a hint. Come visit. We've only had two brave souls so far and we sent them home in one piece (mostly).

Monday, February 1, 2016

Who U-Gan-Da Vote For?

The Iowa Caucuses are this evening, and like all good Iowans, we are totally obsessed with... the Ugandan national election.

Wha? As T would say, "You talkin' silly talk, Daddy!"  Yes, it is election time here in Uganda with the national election day fast approaching on February 18.  Most Americans probably have no idea that no less than 20 African countries are also having major presidential and/or parliamentary elections this year.  Burundi's elections may have caught your attention due to the pre- and post-election activities. Otherwise most of our dear readers are likely oblivious to the fact that Ugandans are about to vote for their president, members of Parliament, mayors, council members, etc., just as the Tanzanians recently did, the Central African Republic attempted to do, and as Kenyans, Congolese, Ghanaians, and many others soon will.  

No space is sacred when posting campaign materials. Not small bodega-type places...

Not street trees...


Not electricity poles...


Not guard posts (Look closely - there are six different posters)...


Not even our own home, but this is sparse when compared to our neighbors. The campaigners probably felt that Hurricane may come over the wall after them.


As Iowans, we grew up accustomed to the maelstrom of elections with the quadrennial caucuses. And owing to either the extreme attractiveness or political obsessions of our families, some family member or close friend becomes a minor celebrity every four years.  Eight years ago our friend Austin Ramzy, a reporter for the New York Times Sinosphere, emailed me that he awoke one morning in a Hong Kong hotel to video images of my mother doing her civic duty. And Laura's brother David occasionally shows up in stock election coverage footage on NHK (Japan's national network).

I won't get into the details of the politics of the presidential and parliamentary races in Uganda, which occurs every 5 years. There are main three presidential candidates - the current president, his former prime minister, and the opposition leader (who is also the President's former colleague-in-arms and his former personal physician). Then there are hundreds of Members of Parliament representing not only geographical locales, but cultural and occupational constituencies as well - Womens' MPs, Youth MPs, MPs representing the military, etc.  Additionally, Ugandans were recently treated to their first live presidential debate, though the President wasn't available due to a scheduling conflict.

Needless to say, we enjoy the spectacle of democracy in action and what a spectacle it is here.  Each party has its own colors, hand signs, and campaign posters are plastered literally everywhere (as shown above). Added to this are the boisterous caravans of supporters which consist of screaming groups riding trucks blaring music through large speakers while costumed people riding boda bodas blow on vuvuzelas. These parades block traffic at inopportune times, making already bad traffic hundreds of times worse. This video (if it works - I tried it on Firefox and it came through) shows but a small convoy on a relatively quiet road - if not, click here (I now figured out who to create a youtube channel):



And just like citizens in the U.S., I'm pretty sure Ugandans will be glad when it is all over, after having exercised their rights to vote.
P.S. Have no fear, updates of our non-election activities are forthcoming...